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from the beginning sts-49 would stand

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out as an extraordinary mission as

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endeavour rolled onto the tarmac in

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Palmdale California on April 25th 1991

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it set the stage for America's 47th

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space shuttle mission endeavour was a

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milestone bringing the shuttle fleet

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back to full strength after the loss of

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the space shuttle Challenger signifying

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a new level of confidence and ambition

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but the maiden voyage of Endeavour would

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prove to be not only a test of the space

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transportation system but a test of the

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entire space flight program after more

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than a year of intensive training the

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crew of Endeavour was ready to face the

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complex inaugural voyage ahead Navy

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captain Dan brandenstein commanded the

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crew of seven while Air Force lieutenant

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colonel kevin chilton served as pilot

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the piloting skills of both men would be

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crucial to the success of the mission

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the remaining members of the crew

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mission specialists Richard dr.

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Kathryn Thornton Coast Guard commander

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Bruce Melnick Air Force Lieutenant

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Colonel Tom Akers

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and navy commander Pierre Thuot shared

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in the responsibility of achieving the

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mission objectives

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the primary objective the retrieval

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repair and reboost of the International

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Telecommunication satellite or Intel sat

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6f3 a wiring error on the unmanned

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commercial booster rocket marooned the

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satellite in a useless low orbit after

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its launch in 1990 Intelsat commissioned

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NASA to rescue the stranded satellite

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though this was not NASA's first

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satellite rescue it would be one of the

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most challenging for the space shuttle

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program and Deborah and her crew would

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engage in the first attachment of a

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solid rocket motor in orbit and the

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first attempt to perform three

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consecutive spacewalks another objective

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of the flight would be the Assembly of

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station by Evy a methods experiment or a

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SEM the mission specialist teams of

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Akers Thornton thawed and would

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perform evey A's or spacewalks

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to evaluate equipment and techniques for

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construction of space station freedom in

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the payload Bay the astronauts would

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build a truss structure and evaluate EDA

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operations to be used for space station

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assembly to achieve these objectives the

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crew of Endeavour underwent months of

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rigorous training at NASA's Johnson

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Space Center in Houston Texas at the

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precision air bearing facility a mock-up

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of Intel SATs six was used to assess how

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the satellite would respond in space and

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to demonstrate the capabilities of the

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unique capture bar so it would use the

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capture bar to catch the satellite and

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stop its rotation the bar included a

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grapple fixture for the robot arm to

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grab the satellite and place it on top

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okay Seward and he continued their

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training in the weightless environment

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training facility this training focused

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on the task of attaching the satellite

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to the solid rocket motor and preparing

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it for its launch from the shuttle cargo

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bay it would pay off handsomely in space

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the complex dynamics and interactions of

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satellite shuttle robot arm and

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astronaut were difficult if not

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impossible to recreate on the ground and

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proved to be the most serious challenge

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facing the satellite rescue mission may

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7th 1992 a relaxed and confident

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endeavour crew heads for the launch pad

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weather problems persisted throughout

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the day but the rainy skies couldn't

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dampen the spirits of the seven-member

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booster ignition and liftoff of the

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maiden voyage of Endeavour on a

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SRB separation confirmed

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following a flawless liftoff and ascent

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endeavors settled into orbit over the

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next two days and ever and the stranded

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satellites circled the earth while

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performing a series of crucial

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manoeuvres as a prelude to the

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rendezvous the success of this unique

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mission would require an unprecedented

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level of coordination between the Intel

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Sat control facility in Washington DC

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and Mission Control in Houston an

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intricate dance ensued as the flight

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crew gradually raised endeavours

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altitude and Intel Sat controllers

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lowered their spacecraft this is a 45

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second burn of the twin orbital

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maneuvering system engines that produce

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about 6,000 pounds of thrust

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raising endeavours low ends orbit from

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146 to 187 nautical miles getting it

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closer to a more circular orbit as it

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continues its chase to catch up with the

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analyst at space craft as the countdown

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to the first spacewalk proceeded crew

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members began the checkout of the robot

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arm and spacesuits and we can't appear

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thanks on Sunday the fourth day in two

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endeavours mission food and hebes

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stepped into the payload bay to begin

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the first rescue attempt while thew it

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grappled the satellite from his

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unique vantage point in the payload Bay

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served as an extra pair of eyes for the

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cockpit

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Melnik operated the robot arm from

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inside the orbiter unfortunately the

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cards were stacked against the crew this

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the capture attempts caused the four and

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a half ton satellite to wobble so much

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it became impossible for thew it to

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attach the capture bar and Deborah was

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forced to back away to avoid a collision

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with the satellite working best maneuver

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for you to back out here so we can stay

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stabilized for about six to eight hours

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we'll try to come in again tomorrow okay

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sounds good we'll have some words for

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you shortly after analyzing the downlink

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footage from endeavours cameras the crew

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held a conference with Mission Control

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to discuss conditions contributing to

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the unsuccessful attempt prime factors

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included the satellites unexpected

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sensitivity to touch the unanticipated

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movement affecting fluids positioning on

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the robot arm and reduced visibility on

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the dark side of the earth the next step

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was clear a second attempt would be made

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on Monday probably the most important

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question first were with engineers on

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earth struggle throughout the day and

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into the night to come up with a better

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way of capturing the satellite Monday

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May 11th thordan stepped from the

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airlock into the payload Bay while

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Mission Control had brainstorm for the

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second DVA

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the crew had come up with a few

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suggestions of their own they would

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attempt the capture in maximum sunlight

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to give through at the best view time

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would be allowed for a bump test bumping

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the capture bar against the left side of

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the cargo

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they to familiarize through it with the

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dynamics this would also determine how

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the bar would respond when striking the

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satellite in a weightless environment

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perhaps most importantly brandenstein

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would have to keep endeavour in position

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beneath Intel set for as long as it took

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awaiting good sun angles now to begin

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maneuvering peer through it on the end

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of the robot arm into the tail end of

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the satellite yet despite the planning

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and coordination between ground and

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during the five and a half hour

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problems arose when the trigger release

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on the grapple bar failed to snap into

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place due to the delicate equilibrium of

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the orbiting satellite the situation was

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becoming increasingly frustrating after

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the second attempt through it noted a

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wide margin of difference between

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performing the capture and NASA's

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microgravity simulators and actually

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trying it in space because of brandon

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Stein's piloting skills and frugal use

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of fuel on the second attempt enough

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fuel remained for one more rendezvous

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and Dan we've been looking at the prop

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just want to tell you that your

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formation flying there has been

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outstanding we've had practically no

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four proper uses you don't find job

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you're doing a third attempt was

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immediately approved but a replanting of

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strategy was clearly necessary period no

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EBA for tomorrow we're gonna rendezvous

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with Intel set on day seven stabilized

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he's been human intelligence was

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endeavour strongest ally and ingenuity

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and adaptability were crucial to success

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the hours that followed were a maze of

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brainstorming sessions and hands-on

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tests for veterans of the space program

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the level of activity was reminiscent of

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the early days of Gemini and Apollo the

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tiger team a group of troubleshooting

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specialists discussed the options

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where do you want to put all your eggs

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among the ideas suggested a revised

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two-man space walk to capture and repair

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the satellite engineers also discussed

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using the orbiters robot arm to maneuver

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a crew member to the top of the

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satellite and capture it from there

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meanwhile the crew came up with a simple

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yet revolutionary plan a record-setting

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three-man spacewalk of first in the

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history of the space program the crew

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downlinked a sketch photographed on the

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electronic still camera developed by

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Johnson Space Center to demonstrate

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their plan to Mission Control three

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astronauts through it

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he band Akers would attempt to capture

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safety was a primary concern piloting

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had to be exact to ensure there would be

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no risk of a collision between the

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satellite and the orbiter every possible

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danger was assessed so the three crew

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members will be putting on their suits

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and climbing into the airlock along with

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all of their tools and equipment that

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will be necessary for tomorrow's

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spacewalk attempt to capture the antal

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sad spacecraft in addition there was

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some concern as to whether the three

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astronauts could fit into the airlock so

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before the plan was approved it was

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tested in the orbiter and on the ground

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dozens of Engineers astronauts and other

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specialists debated and tested the plan

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by using mock-ups of Intel sat in the

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under water tank with astronaut story

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Musgrave rich Clifford and Jim Voss

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similar mock-up demonstrations were

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and presented the plan and I think we've

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got something that is gonna pull

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together here the go-ahead was given

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Tuesday night the third and final

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good evening friends a high drama is

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being played out in space right now a

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risky rescue attempt an unprecedented

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mission while the astronauts work 225

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miles above the earth Americans kept an

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ear to their radios and an eye on their

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televisions for the latest news the

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drama and many were eagerly offering

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their own suggestions on how to capture

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the stranded satellite velcro fishing

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hooks and lassos were some of the

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methods suggested Wednesday May 13th

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brandenstein and Chilton began

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maneuvering the orbiter closer to the

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satellite 12 miles behind the satellite

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as they approach the most critical burn

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of the rendezvous they discovered a

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previously unencoded evers computers at

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the same time a thunderstorm over a

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ground communication site caused the

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crew to lose contact with Mission

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Control the computer problem on board

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endeavour meant brandenstein and Chilton

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would not be able to compute the final

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critical rendezvous burns ground control

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studied the problem with only minutes to

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decide to continue the rendezvous or

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delay for one orbit another option was

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to skip today's attempt and study the

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problem for another day or should they

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try it without the onboard computer and

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attempt a ground controlled approach to

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the satellite this type of approach

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meant that data normally collected by

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the shuttles computer would need to be

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calculated on the ground and relayed up

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to the crew with only 45 seconds until

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the burn and Deborah regained

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communications with Houston the decision

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was to delay food and acres were

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already in the airlock and waited

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another hour and a half in their cramped

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quarters precious fuel had

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used to execute the delay maneuver now

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more than ever

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brandenstein must fly a perfect final

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approach he accomplishes this with fuel

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to spare an anxious nation held its

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breath as lured he banned acres left the

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airlock out in the payload Bay three

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spacewalking astronauts are preparing to

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install the bottom plane of the assembly

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after building a bridge structure across

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the payload Bay using struts from the

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space station tests and portable foot

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restraints

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the trio positioned themselves for the

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capture on the edge of the payload

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Bay and acres on the struts spanning the

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payload Bay threw it on the robot arm

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adjusted his movements in coordination

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with the satellite meanwhile

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brandenstein positioned the crew at eye

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level with the underside of the

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satellite in this attempt every detail

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had to be exact really really close to

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this and as the saying goes the third

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indeed it wasn't over yet but with the

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most difficult part of the mission

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behind them things could now proceed as

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planned after rotating the massive

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satellite food and he attached the

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capture bar once in place

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Melnik maneuvered through it under the

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satellite to tighten the bar to do this

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Melnik had to move the robot arm with

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thew it's still attached extremely close

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to the orbiter and truss structure this

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unexpected task was not part of the pre

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mission training once Melnik used the

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robot arm to lower the satellite into

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the cargo bay a new booster rocket was

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secured when it was all over another

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record had been set for the longest

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spacewalk in the history of the space

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program 8 hours and 29 minutes with the

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crew safely inside the airlock again the

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however the onboard wiring

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configurations on the new orbiter were

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different than anticipated by the ground

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staff so some minor readjustments were

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required by a ground support after two

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attempts to deploy ground controllers

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sorted out the wiring change

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communicated the correct switch

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positions to the orbiter and int'l sat

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six was on its way to its intended orbit

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of 22,300 miles but endeavours work was

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yet to be completed mission managers

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decided to extend the mission an extra

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day allowing for a fourth spacewalk on

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Thursday to practice the space station

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assembly techniques the crew had

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originally planned two days for these

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spacewalks

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but since the space station test

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structure had been partially built for

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the satellite rescue attempt they were

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able to incorporate most of the

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activities of two days into one just so

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you know the game plan for the day it's

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another day another EBA on Thursday

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first attention attention the nation was

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again in on the payload a with the Vav

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Cathy endeavour set the rule of endeavor

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space erection the his most facial

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NASA's history the pair spent ratings

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that used to be during Space Station

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functions bruckman may have

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maintenance however however this is

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spacewalk was not without its

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obligations when the crew members unit

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members here a footprint roses body body

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position time required to quantitate

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space was very close the time required

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in water tank but briefly precise pretty

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much more difficult and time-consuming

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mission planners will use the lessons

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learned during the four spacewalks

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to increase the efficiency training

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frantic and techne be used in the

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assembly assembly of Space Station

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like endeavour Houston good morning the

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sts-49 trainers send Dan and his

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spacefaring crew their best for making

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the maiden voyage of Endeavour a

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spectacular success they wish you well

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as you start preparing to come home to

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port and ever and it's cruise sailed

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into the ninth day of the mission

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preparing the orbiter systems for the

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trip home the next day it was a day for

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reflection as the crew held a news

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conference from the orbiter we were

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speculating how many people were

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00:26:57,610 --> 00:26:54,170
involved we knew it was a lot worked and

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00:27:07,900 --> 00:26:57,620
came up fine to some of our ideas with

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00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:07,910
theirs and NASA has a great team with

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00:27:16,950 --> 00:27:10,610
the mission objectives behind them the

402
00:27:19,390 --> 00:27:16,960
crew prepared the orbiter for reentry in

403
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Debra Houston you have a go for the

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but before putting this mission in the

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books endeavour had one more test after

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touchdown at Edwards Air Force Base in

407
00:27:54,440 --> 00:27:51,419
California a drag chute was deployed

408
00:27:56,869 --> 00:27:54,450
from the back of the orbiter Engineers

409
00:27:59,979 --> 00:27:56,879
designed the chute to improve braking

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00:28:03,169 --> 00:27:59,989
and steering control during landings

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00:28:05,239 --> 00:28:03,179
long after endeavour has been rolled off

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the runway in preparation for another

413
00:28:10,940 --> 00:28:08,369
mission planners and engineers will use

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00:28:15,919 --> 00:28:10,950
the information and knowledge gained on

415
00:28:19,190 --> 00:28:15,929
this flight to improve future flights in

416
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hindsight most agree the reasons for

417
00:28:26,269 --> 00:28:23,789
mission success were clear despite the

418
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problems often associated with a maiden

419
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voyage endeavour performed flawlessly we

420
00:28:36,349 --> 00:28:33,509
felt pretty good about the mission that

421
00:28:38,239 --> 00:28:36,359
real interesting and challenging and and

422
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we're real happy with the way endeavour

423
00:28:41,989 --> 00:28:40,499
performed it performed like a real champ

424
00:28:45,139 --> 00:28:41,999
which is phenomenal for the first five

425
00:28:48,109 --> 00:28:45,149
new vehicle perhaps the simplest

426
00:28:52,099 --> 00:28:48,119
explanation for this mission success is

427
00:28:54,580 --> 00:28:52,109
the team effort the ability to adapt and

428
00:28:57,440 --> 00:28:54,590
learn in the face of adversity

429
00:29:02,029 --> 00:28:57,450
demonstrated by both the crew and ground

430
00:29:05,509 --> 00:29:02,039
staff proof that people are a vital link